Brief description:

略。。

Analysis:

。。bfs() TLE 了一次。。后来换成普通的 dfs() 过掉了。。看来还是经验不足。。
。这题中的状态存在着一定的阶段性（左上角区域会逐步扩大。。）。。但是搜索树中仍然会产生一些重复（由不同的路径得到）。。这就出现了判重、或者不判重的问题。。
（。。可利用的剪枝似乎并不明显。。？）。。。

/** ` Micro Mezzo Macro Flation -- Overheated Economy ., **/

#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <sstream>
#include <cstring>
#include <complex>
#include <cstdio>
#include <string>
#include <vector>
#include <bitset>
#include <queue>
#include <stack>
#include <cmath>
#include <ctime>
#include <list>
#include <set>
#include <map>

using namespace std;

#define REP(i, n) for (int i=0;i<int(n);++i)
#define FOR(i, a, b) for (int i=int(a);i<int(b);++i)
#define DWN(i, b, a) for (int i=int(b-1);i>=int(a);--i)
#define REP_1(i, n) for (int i=1;i<=int(n);++i)
#define FOR_1(i, a, b) for (int i=int(a);i<=int(b);++i)
#define DWN_1(i, b, a) for (int i=int(b);i>=int(a);--i)
#define REP_C(i, n) for (int n____=int(n),i=0;i<n____;++i)
#define FOR_C(i, a, b) for (int b____=int(b),i=a;i<b____;++i)
#define DWN_C(i, b, a) for (int a____=int(a),i=b-1;i>=a____;--i)
#define REP_N(i, n) for (i=0;i<int(n);++i)
#define FOR_N(i, a, b) for (i=int(a);i<int(b);++i)
#define DWN_N(i, b, a) for (i=int(b-1);i>=int(a);--i)
#define REP_1_C(i, n) for (int n____=int(n),i=1;i<=n____;++i)
#define FOR_1_C(i, a, b) for (int b____=int(b),i=a;i<=b____;++i)
#define DWN_1_C(i, b, a) for (int a____=int(a),i=b;i>=a____;--i)
#define REP_1_N(i, n) for (i=1;i<=int(n);++i)
#define FOR_1_N(i, a, b) for (i=int(a);i<=int(b);++i)
#define DWN_1_N(i, b, a) for (i=int(b);i>=int(a);--i)
#define REP_C_N(i, n) for (n____=int(n),i=0;i<n____;++i)
#define FOR_C_N(i, a, b) for (b____=int(b),i=a;i<b____;++i)
#define DWN_C_N(i, b, a) for (a____=int(a),i=b-1;i>=a____;--i)
#define REP_1_C_N(i, n) for (n____=int(n),i=1;i<=n____;++i)
#define FOR_1_C_N(i, a, b) for (b____=int(b),i=a;i<=b____;++i)
#define DWN_1_C_N(i, b, a) for (a____=int(a),i=b;i>=a____;--i)

#define DO(n) while(n--)
#define DO_C(n) int n____ = n; while(n____--)
#define TO(i, a, b) int s_=a<b?1:-1,b_=b+s_;for(int i=a;i!=b_;i+=s_)
#define TO_1(i, a, b) int s_=a<b?1:-1,b_=b;for(int i=a;i!=b_;i+=s_)
#define SQZ(i, j, a, b) for (int i=int(a),j=int(b)-1;i<j;++i,--j)
#define SQZ_1(i, j, a, b) for (int i=int(a),j=int(b);i<=j;++i,--j)
#define REP_2(i, j, n, m) REP(i, n) REP(j, m)
#define REP_2_1(i, j, n, m) REP_1(i, n) REP_1(j, m)

#define ALL(A) A.begin(), A.end()
#define LLA(A) A.rbegin(), A.rend()
#define CPY(A, B) memcpy(A, B, sizeof(A))
#define INS(A, P, B) A.insert(A.begin() + P, B)
#define ERS(A, P) A.erase(A.begin() + P)
#define BSC(A, X) find(ALL(A), X) // != A.end()
#define CTN(T, x) (T.find(x) != T.end())
#define SZ(A) int(A.size())
#define PB push_back
#define MP(A, B) make_pair(A, B)

#define Rush int T____; RD(T____); DO(T____)
#pragma comment(linker, "/STACK:36777216")
#pragma GCC optimize ("O2")
#define Ruby system("ruby main.rb")
#define Haskell system("runghc main.hs")
#define Pascal system("fpc main.pas")

typedef long long LL;
typedef double DB;
typedef unsigned UINT;
typedef unsigned long long ULL;

typedef vector<int> VI;
typedef vector<char> VC;
typedef vector<string> VS;
typedef vector<LL> VL;
typedef vector<DB> VD;
typedef set<int> SI;
typedef set<string> SS;
typedef set<LL> SL;
typedef set<DB> SD;
typedef map<int, int> MII;
typedef map<string, int> MSI;
typedef map<LL, int> MLI;
typedef map<DB, int> MDI;
typedef map<int, bool> MIB;
typedef map<string, bool> MSB;
typedef map<LL, bool> MLB;
typedef map<DB, bool> MDB;
typedef pair<int, int> PII;
typedef pair<int, bool> PIB;
typedef vector<PII> VII;
typedef vector<VI> VVI;
typedef vector<VII> VVII;
typedef set<PII> SII;
typedef map<PII, int> MPIII;
typedef map<PII, bool> MPIIB;


/** I/O Accelerator **/

/* ... :" We are I/O Accelerator ... Use us at your own risk ;) ... " .. */

template<class T> inline void RD(T &);
template<class T> inline void OT(const T &);

inline int RD(){ int x; RD(x); return x;}
template<class T> inline T& _RD(T &x){ RD(x); return x;}
inline void RC(char &c){scanf(" %c", &c);}
inline void RS(char *s){scanf("%s", s);}

template<class T0, class T1> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1){RD(x0), RD(x1);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2){RD(x0), RD(x1), RD(x2);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3){RD(x0), RD(x1), RD(x2), RD(x3);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4){RD(x0), RD(x1), RD(x2), RD(x3), RD(x4);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4, T5 &x5){RD(x0), RD(x1), RD(x2), RD(x3), RD(x4), RD(x5);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6> inline void RD(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4, T5 &x5, T6 &x6){RD(x0), RD(x1), RD(x2), RD(x3), RD(x4), RD(x5), RD(x6);}
template<class T0, class T1> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1){OT(x0), OT(x1);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2){OT(x0), OT(x1), OT(x2);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3){OT(x0), OT(x1), OT(x2), OT(x3);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4){OT(x0), OT(x1), OT(x2), OT(x3), OT(x4);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4, T5 &x5){OT(x0), OT(x1), OT(x2), OT(x3), OT(x4), OT(x5);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6> inline void OT(T0 &x0, T1 &x1, T2 &x2, T3 &x3, T4 &x4, T5 &x5, T6 &x6){OT(x0), OT(x1), OT(x2), OT(x3), OT(x4), OT(x5), OT(x6);}

template<class T> inline void RST(T &A){memset(A, 0, sizeof(A));}
template<class T0, class T1> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1){RST(A0), RST(A1);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2){RST(A0), RST(A1), RST(A2);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3){RST(A0), RST(A1), RST(A2), RST(A3);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4){RST(A0), RST(A1), RST(A2), RST(A3), RST(A4);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5){RST(A0), RST(A1), RST(A2), RST(A3), RST(A4), RST(A5);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6> inline void RST(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5, T6 &A6){RST(A0), RST(A1), RST(A2), RST(A3), RST(A4), RST(A5), RST(A6);}

template<class T> inline void CLR(T &A){A.clear();}
template<class T0, class T1> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1){CLR(A0), CLR(A1);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2){CLR(A0), CLR(A1), CLR(A2);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3){CLR(A0), CLR(A1), CLR(A2), CLR(A3);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4){CLR(A0), CLR(A1), CLR(A2), CLR(A3), CLR(A4);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5){CLR(A0), CLR(A1), CLR(A2), CLR(A3), CLR(A4), CLR(A5);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6> inline void CLR(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5, T6 &A6){CLR(A0), CLR(A1), CLR(A2), CLR(A3), CLR(A4), CLR(A5), CLR(A6);}
template<class T> inline void CLR(T &A, int n){REP(i, n) CLR(A[i]);}
template<class T> inline void FLC(T &A, int x){memset(A, x, sizeof(A));}
template<class T0, class T1> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, int x){FLC(A0, x), FLC(A1, x);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2){FLC(A0), FLC(A1), FLC(A2);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3){FLC(A0), FLC(A1), FLC(A2), FLC(A3);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4){FLC(A0), FLC(A1), FLC(A2), FLC(A3), FLC(A4);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5){FLC(A0), FLC(A1), FLC(A2), FLC(A3), FLC(A4), FLC(A5);}
template<class T0, class T1, class T2, class T3, class T4, class T5, class T6> inline void FLC(T0 &A0, T1 &A1, T2 &A2, T3 &A3, T4 &A4, T5 &A5, T6 &A6){FLC(A0), FLC(A1), FLC(A2), FLC(A3), FLC(A4), FLC(A5), FLC(A6);}

template<class T> inline void SRT(T &A){sort(ALL(A));}
template<class T, class C> inline void SRT(T &A, C B){sort(ALL(A), B);}




/** Add - On **/

const int MOD = 1000000007;
const int INF = 0x7fffffff;
const DB EPS = 1e-6;
const DB OO = 1e15;
const DB PI = acos(-1.0);

// <<= ` 0. Daily Use .,

template<class T> inline void checkMin(T &a,const T b){if (b<a) a=b;}
template<class T> inline void checkMax(T &a,const T b){if (b>a) a=b;}
template <class T, class C> inline void checkMin(T& a, const T b, C c){if (c(b,a)) a = b;}
template <class T, class C> inline void checkMax(T& a, const T b, C c){if (c(a,b)) a = b;}
template<class T> inline T min(T a, T b, T c){return min(min(a, b), c);}
template<class T> inline T max(T a, T b, T c){return max(max(a, b), c);}
template<class T> inline T sqr(T a){return a*a;}
template<class T> inline T cub(T a){return a*a*a;}
int Ceil(int x, int y){return (x - 1) / y + 1;}

// <<= ` 1. Bitwise Operation .,

inline bool _1(LL x, int i){return x & 1LL<<i;}
inline LL _1(int i){return 1LL<<i;}
inline LL _U(int i){return _1(i) - 1LL;};

inline int count_bits(int x){
    x = (x & 0x55555555) + ((x & 0xaaaaaaaa) >> 1);
    x = (x & 0x33333333) + ((x & 0xcccccccc) >> 2);
    x = (x & 0x0f0f0f0f) + ((x & 0xf0f0f0f0) >> 4);
    x = (x & 0x00ff00ff) + ((x & 0xff00ff00) >> 8);
    x = (x & 0x0000ffff) + ((x & 0xffff0000) >> 16);
    return x;
}

template<class T> inline T low_bit(T x) {
    return x & -x;
}

template<class T> inline T high_bit(T x) {
    T p = low_bit(x);
    while (p != x) x -= p, p = low_bit(x);
    return p;
}

// <<= ` 2. Modular Arithmetic Basic .,

inline void INC(int &a, int b){a += b; if (a >= MOD) a -= MOD;}
inline int sum(int a, int b){a += b; if (a >= MOD) a -= MOD; return a;}
inline void DEC(int &a, int b){a -= b; if (a < 0) a += MOD;}
inline int dff(int a, int b){a -= b; if (a < 0) a  += MOD; return a;}
inline void MUL(int &a, int b){a = int((LL)a * b % MOD);}
inline int pdt(int a, int b){return int((LL)a * b % MOD);}


// <<= ' 0. I/O Accelerator interface .,

template<class T> inline void RD(T &x){
    //cin >> x;
    //scanf("%d", &x);
    char c; for (c = getchar(); c < '0'; c = getchar()); x = c - '0'; for (c = getchar(); c >= '0'; c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';
    //char c; c = getchar(); x = c - '0'; for (c = getchar(); c >= '0'; c = getchar()) x = x * 10 + c - '0';

}

int ____Case;
template<class T> inline void OT(const T &x){
    //cout << x << endl;
    printf("%d\n", x);
    //printf("%.2lf\n", x);
    //printf("Case %d: %d\n", ++____Case, x);
}


#define For_each(it, A) for (SII::iterator it = A.begin(); it != A.end(); ++it)
#define state pair< pair<PII, PII>, pair<PII, PII> >
/* .................................................................................................................................. */

const int dx[] = {-1, 0, 1, 0}, dy[] = {0, 1, 0, -1};
const int N = 8, C = 6;

LL B[C+1], G[C], vis; int ans;
int n;

inline int Board(int x, int y){
    REP(i, C) if (_1(B[i], x * n + y)) return i;
    return C;
}

void dfs1(int x, int y){
    B[C] |= _1(x * n + y); REP(i, 4){
        int xx = x + dx[i], yy = y + dy[i];
        if (xx < 0 || yy < 0 || xx == n || yy == n) continue;
        if (Board(xx, yy) == Board(0, 0) && !_1(B[C], xx * n + yy)) dfs1(xx, yy);
    }
}



void dfs2(int x, int y){

    vis |= _1(x * n + y); REP(i, 4){
        int xx = x + dx[i], yy = y + dy[i];
        if (xx < 0 || yy < 0 || xx == n || yy == n) continue;
        if (!_1(vis, xx * n + yy)){
            if (Board(xx, yy) == C) dfs2(xx, yy);
            else {
                if (Board(x, y) == C || Board(x, y) == Board(xx, yy)){
                    G[Board(xx, yy)] |= _1(xx * n + yy);
                    dfs2(xx, yy);
                }
            }
        }
    }
}

void init(){
    RST(B); REP_2(i, j, n, n) B[RD()] |= _1(i * n + j);
    dfs1(0, 0), B[Board(0, 0)] ^= B[C];

}

void display(LL x){
    REP(i, n){
        REP(j, n) cout << _1(x, i * n + j) << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

void patch(){
    REP(i, n){
        REP(j, n) cout << Board(i, j) << " ";
        cout << endl;
    }
    cout << endl;
}

inline void dfs(int color, int step){
    if (step + color >= ans) return;
    if (color == 0) ans = step;
    else {
        RST(G), vis = 0, dfs2(0, 0); LL GG[C]; CPY(GG, G); REP(i, C) if (GG[i]){
            B[C] |= GG[i], B[i] ^= GG[i]; dfs(color - !B[i], step + 1);
            B[C] ^= GG[i], B[i] |= GG[i];
        }
    }
}

inline int count_color(){
    int res = 0; REP(i, C) if (B[i]) ++res;
    return res;
}


void solve(){

    LL flag; if (n == 8) flag = -1; else flag = _U(n * n);
    if (B[C] == flag) ans = 0;
    else ans = INF, dfs(count_color(), 0);

}

int main(){

    //freopen("in.txt", "r", stdin);

    while (scanf("%d", &n) != EOF && n){

        init(); solve(); OT(ans);
    }
}

External link:

http://acm.hdu.edu.cn/showproblem.php?pid=4127

Posted by xiaodao
Category: HDU
Tags: 状态空间搜索